Posts in NASA
Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 115: Hvad sker der i rummet for tiden?

Vi tager endnu en runde med universelt stof! Hvad sker der i rummet lige for tiden?

1: 3I/Atlas
2: Sten fra Mars
3: Temporary Moon
4: Sattelite made out of wood
5: Starship 
6: Store tal
7: Enhederne meter og sekund
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1:  3I/Atlas
NASA deler første fotos af 3I/ATLAS: Ikke rumvæsener
https://videnskab.dk/rummet/nasa-deler-foerste-fotos-af-3i-atlas-ikke-rumvaesener/

NASA press release 19.11.25:

ESA:
https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2025/12/Comet_3I_ATLAS_shows_activity_in_Juice_navigation_camera_teaser
ESA - Comet 3I/ATLAS shows activity in Juice navigation camera teaser


During November 2025, ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) used five of its science instruments to observe 3I/ATLAS. The instruments collected information about how the comet is behaving and what it is made of.

In addition, Juice snapped the comet with its onboard Navigation Camera (NavCam), designed not as a high-resolution science camera, but to help Juice navigate Jupiter’s icy moons following arrival in 2031.

Though the data from the science instruments won’t arrive on Earth until February 2026, our Juice team couldn’t wait that long. They decided to try downloading just a quarter of a single NavCam image to see what was in store for them. The very clearly visible comet, surrounded by signs of activity, surprised them.

Not only do we clearly see the glowing halo of gas surrounding the comet known as its coma, we also see a hint of two tails. The comet’s ‘plasma tail’ – made up of electrically charged gas, stretches out towards the top of the frame. We may also be able to see a fainter ‘dust tail’ – made up of tiny solid particles – stretching to the lower left of the frame.

The image was taken on 2 November 2025, during Juice’s first slot for observing 3I/ATLAS. It was two days before Juice’s closest approach to the comet, which occurred on 4 November at a distance of about 66 million km.

We expect to receive the data from the five scientific instruments switched on during the observations – JANUS, MAJIS, UVS, SWI and PEP – on 18 and 20 February 2026. The delay is because Juice is currently using its main high-gain antenna as a heat shield to protect it from the Sun, leaving its smaller medium-gain antenna to send data back to Earth at a much lower rate.

Though Juice was further from 3I/ATLAS than our Mars orbiters were back in October, it observed 3I/ATLAS just after the comet’s closest approach to the Sun, meaning that it was in a more active state. We expect to see clearer signs of this activity in the data from the science instruments. This includes not only images from JANUS – Juice’s high-resolution optical camera – but also spectrometry data from MAJIS and UVS, composition data from SWI, and particle data from PEP.

ESA - ESA’s ExoMars and Mars Express observe comet 3I/ATLAS

We have an update on 3I/ATLAS! 

Until September, figuring out the location and trajectory of 3I/ATLAS relied on Earth-based telescopes. Then between 1 and 7 October, our ExoMars TGO turned its eyes towards the interstellar comet from its orbit around Mars. The comet passed relatively close to Mars, approaching to about 29 million km during its closest phase on 3 October.

The Mars probe observed the comet from a new viewing angle. The triangulation of its data with data from Earth helped to make the comet’s predicted path much more accurate. The result was an impressive ten-fold leap in accuracy, reducing the uncertainty of the object’s location.

Because 3I/ATLAS is passing through our Solar System fast, travelling with speeds up to 250 000 km/h, it will soon vanish into interstellar space, never to return.

The comet is currently being observed with our Juice spacecraft. 

Though Juice is farther from 3I/ATLAS than the Mars orbiters were last month, it is seeing the comet just after its closest approach to the Sun, when it is in a more active state. We don’t expect to receive data from Juice’s observations until February 2026. 

Komet Kalender:

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2: Sten fra Mars:
https://www.sciencealert.com/curiosity-cracked-open-a-rock-on-mars-and-revealed-a-big-surprise
Curiosity Cracked Open a Rock on Mars And Revealed a Big Surprise : ScienceAlert

https://phys.org/news/2025-12-evidence-driven-climate-mars-jezero.html
Evidence of rain-driven climate on Mars found in bleached rocks scattered in Jezero crater

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3: Temporary Moon

Earth currently has a temporary moon, an asteroid designated 2025 PN7, that is in a quasi-satellite orbit. It is not permanently bound to Earth like the main Moon, but rather shares Earth's orbit around the Sun, occasionally entering our planet's gravitational influence for several decades before drifting away again. Earth has had other temporary "mini-moons" in the past, and this is not expected to be the last. 
About 2025 PN7 : Size: The asteroid is between 18 to 36 meters wide, or about the size of a building.
    Orbit: It orbits the Sun but has been temporarily captured by Earth's gravity and is expected to remain a quasi-moon until about 2083.

Distance: It does not get as close as the regular Moon, swinging between 4 and 17 million kilometers away from Earth (Moon is 384400 km away, so between 10 and 44 Lunar distances)

2025 PN7 - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_PN7

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4: Satelite made out of wood:

https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/ESA_flying_payloads_on_wooden_satellite

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5: Starship 

A: can get us really fast to Uranus:

https://phys.org/news/2025-10-starship-uranus.html

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B: Starship og kapløb med Kina

https://videnskab.dk/rummet/starship-10-opsendt-med-succes-alligevel-faar-usa-svaert-ved-at-naa-til-maanen-foer-kina/

ældre artikel:

https://videnskab.dk/rummet/spacex-raketten-starship-10-er-eksploderet-faar-store-konsekvenser-for-amerikansk-maanelanding/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=vores-nyhedsbrev



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6: Store tal

For at forstå store tal er det nogen gange meget godt at omregne det til noget andet. 

1 * 10^6 sekunder = 11.5 dage

1 * 10^9 sekunder= 31.7 år

1 * 10^12 sekunder = 31 710 år

Så kan vi måske forstå hvor meget forskel der er på en millonær og en millardær. Trillionær burde ikke eksistere. 

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7: Enhederne meter og sekund 

Generelt kom jeg til at tænke på enheder. 

Meter:



Historical definition:

Historically, a meter was defined as one ten-millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the equator along the Prime Meridian.

In 1960 the metre was thus defined in the SI system as equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the orange-red line in the spectrum of the krypton-86 atom in a vacuum.

It is currently defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in \(1/299,792,458\) of a second.

Second:

A second is 

the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), defined as the time it takes for a cesium-133 atom to undergo 9,192,631,770 hyperfine transitions in its ground state when oscillating at a specific microwave frequency.

This precise atomic definition provides a universal standard for time, making it a fixed and consistent unit for the entire world, unlike older definitions based on Earth's rotation which can fluctuate. A second can also refer to an ordinal number meaning "after first" 

The old definition of a second was 

 of a mean solar day. This definition was used until the mid-20th century, when it was replaced because the Earth's rotation is not constant, making the length of a solar day slightly variable. An earlier, less formal definition was based on dividing the hour into 60 parts, each of which was called a "minute," and then dividing that into 60 parts to get a "second," as the ancient Babylonians originally did

(Rabbit hole: The Babylonian number system was a sexagesimal (base-60) system that used only two symbols: a vertical wedge for one (1) and a corner wedge for ten (10). It was a positional system where the value of a symbol depended on its position, with each place representing a power of 60, similar to how our base-10 system uses powers of 10. The system lacked a true zero for a placeholder initially, creating ambiguity, but later added a symbol for this purpose.  )

Min pointe: Vores m og s var (er) defineret efter jorden og vores omløb. Enheden m/s er derfor Jordens enhed.

Lysets hastighed i vacuum er en universel konstant, men en Alien vil 100% have en anden enhed end os. Også selvom at vi har fundet bedre naturkonstanter til at definere m og s ud fra.

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Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 112: Hvad sker der på Mars for tiden? Og hvad med NASA?

I dette afsnit taler vi om de nyeste opdagelser på Mars. Man har set leopard-prikker. Disse prikker kan normalt være tegn på mikroskopisk liv, eller ihvertfald tegn på at der har været liv. I en eller anden form…

Og så er NASA underlagt kyniske besparelser, hvis disse gennemføres i den amerikanske kongres. Hvilken betydning får dette eventuelt?

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Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 111: I3 ATLAS, aktuel status for videnskaben og lidt AI

1: I3 / ATLAS

Her er også en animation af kometens bane:

https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/comets/3i-atlas/

Tættest på Solen 120 mio. km (lige inden for Mars' bane) d.30.10. 

Vi (Jorden) er på den modsatte side a Solen fra kometen. Solen skygger ikke for kometen, for den har en bane som er 5° fra Ecliptica (vores planet bane-plan)

JWST / WEBB Observations of I3/ATLAS: Min gamle kontor makker i Belfast: Martin Cordiner

Han har også lavet en times langt interview her på Youtube (Engelsk):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxLqswSKmOs

Sammensætning: Ret meget CO2 i forhold the H2O

CO2 går fra fast form (is) til gas form (luft) ved lavere temperaturer end H2O, så det kan være at det ændrer sig som kometen bliver varmet op.

CO også til stede, men CO går på gas form allerede ved 20° Kelvin.

Alder: 7-14 milliarder år (universet er ~13.8). Man kan ikke sige med sikkerhed, før at man har en fysisk prøve fra den og kan kigge på isotoperne (de har henfaldstider som kan hjælpe til at datere ting). Denne alder er bestemt ud fra dens bevægelse, som er blevet simuleret af en gruppe fra Oxford: https://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/news/third-ever-detection-interstellar-object

Denne analyse peger på at kometen kan tilhøre en gruppe stjerner i vores mælkevej som er meget gamle.

Form: Først troet at være ~20 km.  Det er fordi den er så lysstærk. Det er nu blevet nedjusteret til ~3km

Den havde tidligere en aflang klump gas der blev kastet ud i Solens retning. Det var ikke en hale i den forstand, men mere en ujævn optøning. Den har nu en normal hale der peger væk fra solen.

https://www.esa.int/esearch?q=I3%2FATLAS

https://www.sciencealert.com/4-powerful-telescopes-agree-interstellar-comet-3i-atlas-really-is-bizarre

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Nej det er ikke ALIENS.

I gamle dage fyldte man huller i viden med Gud (dette kaldes "God of the Gaps"). I dag er det Aliens. 

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2 : Gamma glimt:

https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/news/eso2514/?lang

Normale Gamma glimt er et lys glimt der strækker sig over tid. Vi skynder os at pege teleskoperne hen mod glimtet for at observere hvorfra det kommer og få det sidste af lysglimtets lyskurve med. 

Vi har observeret gamma glimt i omkring 50 år. Et glimt varer omkring Millisekunder til et par minutter. De opstår blandt andet når tunge stjerner dør ved voldsomme eksplosioner, eller når de flås i stykker af sorte huller.

GRB 250702B varede omkring en dag. (100-1000 gange længere end normalt)

"Vigtigere er det, at gammaglimt aldrig gentager sig, fordi det, som forårsager dem er en ødelæggende katastrofe," siger Matrin-Carrillo. Medforfatter Albert Sneppen fra Niels Bohr Institutet tilføjer: "Vi ser nu en sådan ødelæggende begivenheder gentage sig, og endnu mere bemærkelsesværdigt gør den det tilsyneladende periodisk. En serie kosmiske ødelæggelser, som gentager sig med en periode på hvert 47ende minut. Periodiciteten er også spændende, fordi den måske peger på en kredsløbsperiode - og det peger så igen i retning af en hvid dværg, som bliver revet itu af et intermediært tungt sort hul (En slags begivenhed, som vi aldrig har set før)."

"Vi er stadig ikke klar over, hvad årsagen til dette her var, men vi har taget et stort skridt fremad imod at forstå det her meget usædvanlige og spændende forløb," siger Martin-Carrillo. 

Observationerne gav kun en nogenlunde position for GRBen, i retning af vores galakses plan, hvor det vrimler med stjerner. 

Opfølgende observationer med VLT kunne da placere lyskilden til at være i en anden galakse.

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3: Black Hole Star

https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/the-james-webb-telescope-may-have-discovered-a-brand-new-class-of-cosmic-object-the-black-hole-star

Med James Webb space telescope har man observeret små røde prikker. De er fra da uninverset kun var 1.8 Milliarder år gammelt og lyset har altså været undervejs næsten 12 milliarder år.

Der har været flere teorier om hvad det kunne være, men de har ikke været tilstrækkelige. Den nyeste forklaring er at de er Sort hul Stjerner. 

This newly hypothesized object would essentially be a black hole feeding so rapidly that it lights up the thick cocoon of gas surrounding it, making it glow like a star. 

A black hole star can be thought of as a hot object wrapped inside an ultra thick blanket.

"We are not sure yet how they evolve into the black hole population that we see today," de Graaff noted. "Because the number of little red dots decreases toward later cosmic times, it must be a short-lived phase." Next, the team will use JWST to study brighter little red dots to understand the detailed structure of black hole stars.

If little red dots are, in fact, black hole stars, it could solve another puzzle. If black hole stars could grow at extremely rapid rates, it could explain the emergence of supermassive black holes very early in the universe.

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4: Is the internet deteriorating?

"While precise figures vary by study and methodology, recent data from early-to-mid 2025 suggests that AI-generated content makes up a significant portion of the internet, with some sources estimating over 30-40% of text on active webpages and even projecting that nearly half of all content could be AI-generated. Some experts and reports predict that the percentage is rapidly growing and could reach 90% of all online content by 2026 or mid-2025. "

 

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5: Kig efter Stjerneskud 21.10

Den kraftigste sværm Orioniderne, som peaker 21. oktober, skyldes støvkorn og småsten efterladt af Halleys Komet.

Orioniderne giver typisk knapt halvt så mange stjerneskud som Perseiderne, men da deres maksimum i år falder sammen med nymåne, vil jeg faktisk vurdere chancerne for at se stjerneskud til at være lige så gode.

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Attachments area

Preview YouTube video 3I/ATLAS Update: JWST Reveals Its Composition | with Martin Cordiner

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Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 98: Rummet, infrastruktur og sårbarheder - med Michael Linden-Vørnle

Michael Linden-Vørnle har sagt ja til at være med igen og vi er glade for at kunne få lov til at følge op på vores tidligere snak med ham ang. rumskrald, sikkerhed, sårbarheder på vores kritiske infrastruktur, ønsket om et dansk rumagentur og meget, meget mere.

Så kom med, spænd bæltet og lad dig begejstre af Michael’s formidlingsevne af noget stof, som ofte kan virke kompliceret.

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Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 94: Nyheder - der er nok af dem!

Idag dykker vi ned i alt det der er sket, siden vi sidste gang var samlet. Og der er nok at tage af! SpaceX, ESA (Ariane6), Boeing Starliner etc. Og har vi styr på solstormene? Og har vi en radio med håndsving? Derudover taler vi om at udviklingen indenfor rumforskning generelt går AAAALT for langsomt! Og hvorfor egentlig det?!

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